I like to begin most in-depth research projects with a visit to WorldCat to see if I can find the Subject Headings that are used to define my topic. I do this by:
Rock Climbing
Once I've found some books to support my research, I move on to find either journal articles or primary sources (it depends on the topic).
I use Semantic Scholar, Semantic Scholar does a fairly good job of linking citations (connecting the articles that cite each other) on historical topics. It doesn't really filter out results... This is where you go to either: find information on a poorly covered topic, citation mine, citation chain.
I use the following techniques to find archival sources: